List of monarchs of Luxembourg

The territory of Luxembourg was ruled successively by counts, dukes and grand dukes. It was part of the medieval Kingdom of Germany, and later the Holy Roman Empire until it became a sovereign state in 1815.

Contents

Counts of Luxembourg

Elder House of Luxembourg

Main article: House of Luxembourg
Image Name Date of birth Date of death Reign Relationship with predecessor
Siegfried 922 28 October 998 963
to
28 October 998
Henry I 964 27 February 1026 28 October 998
to
27 February 1026		 his son
Henry II 1007 16 October 1047 27 February 1026
to
16 October 1047		 his nephew
Giselbert 1007 14 August 1059 16 October 1047
to
14 August 1059		 his brother
Conrad I 1040 8 August 1086 14 August 1059
to
8 August 1086		 his son
Henry III 1070 1096 8 August 1086
to
1096		 his son
William I 1081 1131 1096
to
1131		 his brother
Conrad II 1106 1136 1131
to
1136		 his son

House of Luxembourg-Namur

Main article: House of Luxembourg
Image Name Date of birth Date of death Reign Relationship with predecessor
Henry IV
the Blind		 1112 14 August 1196 1136
to
14 August 1196		 his first cousin

House of Hohenstaufen

Main article: House of Hohenstaufen
Image Name Date of birth Date of death Reign Relationship with predecessor
Otto June/July 1170 13 January 1200 1196
to
1197		 his third-cousin once removed

House of Luxembourg-Namur

Main article: House of Luxembourg
Image Name Date of birth Date of death Reign Relationship with predecessor
Ermesinde July 1186 12 February 1247 1197
to
12 February 1247		 Henry IV's only daughter and Otto's fourth cousin
Theobald I 1158 13 February 1214 1197
to
13 February 1214		 her first husband and co-ruler
Waleran 1180 2 July 1226 May 1214
to
2 July 1226		 her second husband and co-ruler

House of Luxembourg-Limburg

Main article: House of Luxembourg
Image Name Date of birth Date of death Reign Relationship with predecessor
Henry V
the Blonde		 1216 24 December 1281 12 February 1247
to
24 December 1281		 their son
Henry VI
the Condemned		 1240 5 June 1288 24 December 1281
to
5 June 1288		 his son
Henry VII 1275/1270 26 August 1346 5 June 1288
to
24 August 1313		 his son
John
the Blind		 10 August 1296 26 August 1346 24 August 1313
to
26 August 1346		 his son
Charles I
the Popish King		 14 May 1316 29 November 1378 26 August 1346
to
1353		 his son
Wenceslaus I 25 February 1337 7 December 1383 1353
to
13 March 1354		 his brother

Dukes of Luxembourg

In 1354 the county was elevated to a duchy.

House of Luxembourg-Limburg

Main article: House of Luxembourg
Image Name Date of birth Date of death Reign Relationship with predecessor
Wenceslaus I 25 February 1337 7 December 1383 13 March 1354
to
7 December 1383		 himself as count
Wenceslas II
the Lazy		 26 February 1361 16 August 1419 7 December 1383
to
1388		 his nephew
Jobst December 1351 18 January 1411 1388
to
18 January 1411		 his cousin
Elisabeth I November 1390 2 August 1451 18 January 1411
to
1443		 his heiress & first cousin once removed
Anthony August 1384 25 October 1415 18 January 1411
to
25 October 1415		 her first husband and co-ruler
John II
the Pitiless		 1374 6 January 1425 10 March 1418
to
6 January 1425		 her second husband and co-ruler

As Elisabeth had no surviving children, she sold Luxembourg to Philip III, Duke of Burgundy in 1441 but only to succeed upon her death. Philip captured the city of Luxembourg in 1443, but did not assume the ducal title because of conflicting claims by Anne of Austria, the closest Luxembourg relative.

Claimants

Image Name Date of birth Date of death Reign Relationship with predecessor
Elisabeth I November 1390 2 August 1451 1443
to
2 August 1451
Ladislaus
the Posthumous		 22 February 1440 23 November 1457 2 August 1451
to
23 November 1457		 her first cousin once removed
Anne 12 April 1432 13 November 1462 23 November 1457
to
13 November 1462		 his sister
William
the Brave		 30 April 1425 17 September 1482 her husband and co-pretender
Elisabeth II 1436 30 August 1505 13 November 1462
to
1467		 her sister
Casimir Jagiellon 30 November 1427 7 June 1492 her husband and co-pretender

House of Valois-Burgundy

Main article: House of Valois-Burgundy

In 1467, when Elisabeth II of Austria, last rival claimant to the title, renounced her rights, Philip III's son, Charles, Duke of Burgundy, assumed the title of duke of Luxembourg, making it a subsidiary title of the Duke of Burgundy.

Image Name Date of birth Date of death Reign Relationship with predecessor
Philip I
the Good		 31 July 1396 15 June 1467 1443
to
15 June 1467		 Elisabeth I's second cousin once removed and usurper
Charles II
the Bold		 10 November 1433 5 January 1477 15 June 1467
to
5 January 1477		 his son
Mary I
the Rich		 13 February 1457 27 March 1482 5 January 1477
to
27 March 1482		 his daughter
Maximilian I
the Last Knight		 22 March 1459 12 January 1519 her husband and co-ruler

House of Habsburg

Main article: House of Habsburg

In 1482 Luxembourg passed to the House of Habsburg. After the abdication of Emperor Charles V, the duchy of Luxembourg fell to the Spanish line of the House of Habsburg.

Image Name Date of birth Date of death Reign Relationship with predecessor
Philip II
the Handsome		 22 July 1478 25 September 1506 27 March 1482
to
25 September 1506		 their son
Charles III
the Golden One		 24 February 1500 21 September 1558 25 September 1506
to
16 January 1556		 his son
Philip III
the Prudent		 21 May 1527 21 September 1558 16 January 1556
to
13 September 1598		 his son
Isabella Clara Eugenia 12 August 1566 1 December 1633 6 May 1598
to
13 July 1621		 his daughter
Albert 15 November 1559 13 July 1621 his son-in-law
Philip IV
the Great		 8 April 1605 17 September 1665 31 July 1621
to
17 September 1665		 their nephew
Charles IV
the Bewitched		 6 November 1661 1 November 1700 17 September 1665
to
1 November 1700		 his son

During the War of Spanish Succession, 1701–1714, the duchy was disputed between Philip of Anjou, grandson of Louis XIV of France, from the House of Bourbon and Charles of Austria, son of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, from the House of Habsburg. In 1712 Luxembourg and Namur were ceded to Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria by his French allies, but with the end of the war in 1713 with the Treaty of Utrecht Max. Emanuel was restored Elector of Bavaria. In 1713 the duchy fell to the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg.

House of Bourbon

Main article: House of Bourbon
Image Name Date of birth Date of death Reign Relationship with predecessor
Philip V
Philippe de France		 19 December 1683 9 July 1746 1 November 1700
to
1712		 his grandnephew

House of Wittelsbach

Main article: House of Wittelsbach
Image Name Date of birth Date of death Reign Relationship with predecessor
Maximilian II
Maximilian Emanuel Ludwig Maria Joseph Kajetan
Anton Nikolaus Franz
Ignaz Felix		 11 July 1662 26 February 1726 1712
to
11 April 1713		 his first cousin once removed

House of Habsburg

Image Name Date of birth Date of death Reign Relationship with predecessor
Charles V
Karl Franz Joseph
Wenceslau Balthasar Johann
Anton Ignatius		 1 October 1685 20 October 1740 11 April 1713
to
20 October 1740		 his second cousin
Maria II Theresa
Maria Theresa
Walburga Amalia Christina		 13 May 1717 29 November 1780 20 October 1740
to
29 November 1780		 his daughter

House of Lorraine

Main article: House of Habsburg-Lorraine
Image Name Date of birth Date of death Reign Relationship with predecessor
Francis I
François Étienne		 8 December 1708 18 August 1765 21 November 1740
to
18 August 1765		 her husband
Joseph
Joseph Benedikt August Johannes Anton Michael Adam		 13 March 1741 20 February 1790 29 November 1780
to
20 February 1790		 her son
Leopold
Peter Leopold Joseph Anton Joachim Pius Gotthard		 5 May 1747 1 March 1792 20 February 1790
to
1 March 1792		 his brother
Francis II
Francis Joseph Charles		 12 February 1768 2 March 1835 1 March 1792
to
1794		 his son

Luxembourg was occupied by French revolutionaries between 1794 and 1813. At the Vienna Congress, it was elevated to a grand duchy and given in personal union to William I of the Netherlands.

Grand Dukes of Luxembourg

The Grand Duke of Luxembourg is the head of state of Luxembourg. Luxembourg is the world's only sovereign extant Grand Duchy, a status to which Luxembourg was promoted in 1815 upon its unification with the Netherlands under the House of Orange-Nassau.

The Luxembourgian constitution defines the Grand Duke's position:

“ The Grand Duke is the head of state, symbol of its unity, and guarantor of national independence. He exercises executive power in accordance with the Constitution and the laws of the country.[1] ”

House of Orange-Nassau

Image Name Date of birth Date of death Reign Relationship with predecessor
William I
Willem Frederik
(Prince William VI of Orange)		 24 August 1772 12 December 1843 15 March 1815
to
7 October 1840		 Francis' third cousin
and
Anne's direct descendant
William II
Willem Frederik George Lodewijk		 6 December 1792 17 March 1849 7 October 1840
to
17 March 1849		 his son
William III
Willem Alexander Paul Frederik Lodewijk		 17 February 1817 23 November 1890 17 March 1849
to
23 November 1890		 his son

House of Nassau-Weilburg

Under the 1783 Nassau Family Pact, those territories of the Nassau family in the Holy Roman Empire at the time of the Pact (Luxembourg and Nassau) were bound by semi-Salic law, which allowed inheritance by females or through the female line only upon extinction of male members of the dynasty. When William III died leaving only his daughter Wilhelmina as an heir, the crown of the Netherlands, not being bound by the family pact, passed to Wilhelmina. However, the crown of Luxembourg passed to a male of another branch of the House of Nassau: Adolphe, the dispossessed Duke of Nassau and head of the branch of Nassau-Weilburg.

In 1905, Grand Duke Adolphe's younger half-brother, Prince Nikolaus Wilhelm of Nassau, died, having left a son Georg Nikolaus, Count von Merenberg who was, however, the product of a morganatic marriage, and therefore not legally a member of the House of Nassau. In 1907, Adolphe's only son, William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, obtained passage of a law confirming the right of his eldest daughter, Marie-Adélaïde, to succeed to the throne in virtue of the absence of any remaining dynastic males of the House of Nassau, as originally stipulated in the Nassau Family Pact. She became the grand duchy's first reigning female monarch upon her father's death in 1912, and upon her own abdication in 1919, was succeeded by her younger sister Charlotte, who married Felix of Bourbon-Parma, a prince of the former Duchy of Parma. Charlotte's descendants have since reigned as the continued dynasty of Nassau, and also constitute a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon-Parma.

Image Name Date of birth Date of death Reign Relationship with predecessor
Adolphe 24 July 1817 17 November 1905 23 November 1890
to
17 November 1905		 his nephew
William IV 22 April 1852 25 February 1912 17 November 1905
to
25 February 1912		 his son
Marie-Adélaïde 14 June 1894 24 January 1924 25 February 1912
to
14 January 1919		 his daughter
Charlotte 23 January 1896 9 July 1985 14 January 1919
to
12 November 1964		 her sister
(younger daughter of William IV)
Jean 5 January 1921 Living 12 November 1964
to
7 October 2000		 her son
Henri 16 April 1955 Living From 7 October 2000
(Incumbent)		 his son


See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ (French) "Constitution de Luxembourg" (PDF). Service central de législation. http://www.legilux.public.lu/leg/textescoordonnes/recueils/constitution_droits_de_lhomme/CONST1.pdf. Retrieved 1 July 2007. 

References

Monarchs of Luxembourg
Heads of state and government of Europe
Heads of state
States recognised by the United Nations
States recognised by at least one United Nations member
States not recognised by any United Nations members
Heads of government
States recognised by the United Nations
States recognised by at least one United Nations member
States not recognised by any United Nations members
1 Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on the definition of the border between Europe and Asia.
Luxembourgish grand ducal titles
Grand Duke & Grand Duchess of Luxembourg · Duke & Duchess of Nassau · Count of Arlon · Count of Berg · Count of Salm · Count of Vianden · Count of Wisborg

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